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29 marzo 2023

FEBBRAIO 2023

MIGLIOR ARTICOLO DEL MESE CON PRIMO AUTORE ITALIANO

 

“Prognostic Role of Hemispherical Functional Connectivity in Stroke: A Study via Graph Theory Versus Coherence of Electroencephalography Rhythms”

 

Fabrizio Vecchio, Chiara Pappalettera, Francesca Miraglia, Gregorio Deinite, Rosa Manenti, Elda Judica, Pietro Caliandro, Paolo Maria Rossini

Stroke. 2023;54:499–508. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.040747

Selezionato dal lettore: Dott.ssa Susanna Ratti

MOTIVATION: Ischemic stroke represents a leading cause of adult’s disability due to the impact of potential residual neurological deficits on patients’ lives. Adequate treatment in the acute phase and the following neurorehabilitation are essential to limit residual deficits and ensure a better quality of life for patients. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying stroke deficits and of how the lesion can disrupt brain networks could be crucial to develop innovative and personalized rehabilitative treatments. To do that, functional connectivity of brain networks analysis, performed using different mathematical approaches, can be used to describe impairment and recovery after stroke.

This study analysed eeg signals of patients with acute ischemic stroke and healthy controls using two parameters: coherence measure, in particular Total Coherence (TotCoh), method to calculate connectivity between neural signals, and graph theory, Small World (SW), an innovative approach that describes the attitude of the brain networks to process information, to evidence structural changes in the brain network in the affected and unaffected hemispheres after stroke. Functional recovery was evaluated thorough clinical scales such as NIHSS, Barthel Index (BI) and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). The authors found statistical differences between the TotCoh, in Delta, Theta, Alpha 1, and Alpha 2 bands in the affected hemisphere compared to the hemispheres of the control group. SW reveals lower values in Delta, Theta, Alpha 1, Alpha 2 bands and higher values in Beta 2 and Gamma bands of the affected hemispheres while no differences were found in the unaffected hemispheres. TotCot and SW represent good parameters for distinguishing healthy from stroke-injured brains and make eeg analysis a potential new prognostic biomarker of stroke recovery that could possibly direct the most appropriate rehabilitation treatment for each patient.

 

 

MIGLIOR ARTICOLO IN ASSOLUTO

 

“The PYK2 inhibitor PF-562271 enhances the effect of temozolomide on tumor growth in a C57Bl/6-Gl261 mouse glioma model”

 

Jescelica Ortiz Rivera · Rebeca Nuñez · Yuriy Kucheryavykh · Lilia Kucheryavykh

Journal of Neuro-Oncology (2023) 161:593–604 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-023-04260-3

Selezionato dal lettore: Dott.ssa Susanna Ratti

MOTIVATION: Temozolomide (TMZ) actually represents a standard of-care chemotherapeutic for glioblastoma’s (GBM) treatment, but nearly half of the patients develop resistance to TMZ and fail the treatment. This resistance is mediated by alterations in cell signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, metabolism and DNA repair mechanism. In particular, previous studies demonstrated that two nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, FAK and Pyk2 are activated in GBM cells and their phosphorylation correlate with cell proliferation and invasion. This preclinical study aims to assess the effect of combined treatment with TMZ and inhibitors of Pyk2/FAK on tumor progression and treatment outcomes in a mouse C56Bl/6-GL261 glioma implantation model. To do that primary human GBM cells were implanted into the cerebral hemisphere of male and female mice that after five days received two weeks of treatment with TMZ and the Pyk2/FAK inhibitor PF-562271. The combined treatment reduces the upregulation of signal pathways linked to resistance against TMZ enhancing its cytotoxic effect on GBM cells. A drastic reduction of cancer cells invasion and in tumor volumes and the Ki67 proliferation index were also demonstrated. These important results suggest that combination treatment may be an effective future therapeutic strategy and human trials are needed to confirm this.

 

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